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B1Grammar cheat sheet
Cause and consequence connectors
High-priority B1 grammar concept for TEF/TCF preparation: Cause and consequence connectors.
Quick rule
Connectors show logic: cause, consequence, contrast, concession, and purpose.
Patterns to memorize
- cause: parce que, car, puisque, étant donné que
- consequence: donc, ainsi, par conséquent, c'est pourquoi
- contrast/purpose: cependant, pourtant, bien que, pour que, afin que
Where to use it
- Structuring a paragraph
- Explaining reasons and results
- Making writing and speaking more coherent
High-value examples
Le coût est élevé; cependant, le projet reste nécessaire.
The cost is high; however, the project remains necessary.
Contrast with cependant.
Le service est fermé, par conséquent les usagers doivent attendre.
The service is closed; consequently users must wait.
Consequence with par conséquent.
Common mistakes
- Mixing cause and consequence connectors
- Using too many connectors in one sentence
- Using informal connectors in formal writing
Mini drill
- Write one cause sentence.
- Write one consequence sentence.
- Write one contrast sentence about the same topic.
Exam target
Use Cause and consequence connectors in level-appropriate sentences.Recognize common errors and produce a corrected version.Apply the form in short exam-style writing.